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This incident started Aston thinking about ways to make a referee's decisions clearer to both players and spectators. The referee had not made his decision clear during the game, so England manager Alf Ramsey approached a FIFA representative for post-match clarification. After the match, newspaper reports stated that referee Rudolf Kreitlein had cautioned Englishmen Bobby and Jack Charlton, as well as sent off Argentinian Antonio Rattín. In the quarter-finals, England played Argentina at Wembley Stadium.

Aston had been appointed to the FIFA Referees' Committee and was responsible for all referees at the 1966 FIFA World Cup. The idea of using language-neutral coloured cards to communicate a referee's intentions originated in association football, with English referee Ken Aston. Yellow and red cards are the most common, typically indicating, respectively, cautions and dismissals. The colour or shape of the card used by the official indicates the type or seriousness of the offence and the level of punishment that is to be applied. This action makes the decision clear to all players, as well as spectators and other officials in a manner that is language-neutral. The official will hold the card above their head while looking or pointing toward the player who has committed the offence. Penalty cards are most commonly used by referees or umpires to indicate that a player has committed an offence. Penalty cards are used in many sports as a means of warning, reprimanding or penalising a player, coach or team official.

Yellow card shown in an association football match

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